A sprained ankle is an injury that is commonly caused by stepping on an uneven surface. During a fall or while walking on an uneven surface, the foot may turn and put pressure on the ankle. The severity of a sprained ankle without a broken bone can range from mild discomfort to bruising and swelling.
During normal walking, the ligaments hold the ankle bones and joint in alignment. The ligaments are fibrous tissues that have limits to their elasticity. When the ligament is under too much pressure, it can tear or rupture. When someone sprains their ankle, it is because the ligaments of the ankle have been put under too much stress by being pulled beyond their normal capacity.
The signs and symptoms of sprained ankles can vary by the severity of the ankle sprain. The person may even hear a popping noise when their ankle is sprained. The pain and swollen ankle may develop almost immediately after a sprain. The sprain ankle symptom of swelling is due to the injury of the soft tissue of the ankle. The ankle sprained may appear bruised soon after the injury, later, or not at all. The area of the ankle sprain may become hot and red which is a sprained ankle symptom called inflammation.
Intense pain while walking is one of the most common sprained ankle symptoms. Someone with an ankle sprain should be examined by a physician to ensure that no bones are broken. An x-ray may be done to check for broken bones. While a broken ankle usually requires a cast, a sprained ankle may heel with rest and ice therapy. Even without a broken bone, the doctor may want the ankle to be immobilized with an air splint or walking cast.
R.I.C.E. therapy is a general treatment method for sprains. R.I.C.E. stands for rest, ice, compression, and elevation. Resting the ankle and limiting activity such as walking or sports for a period of time allows the ankle to heal. Ice packs applied to the injured ankle can reduce sprain ankle swelling. Compression is done with bandages that help reduce sprained ankle swelling. Swelling of the ankle is also reduced by elevating the injury.
A severe ankle sprain occurs when the ligament is partially or completely torn. Such a sprain may require surgery to repair the damage. Physical therapy may be necessary to increase the strength and mobility of the injured ankle.
